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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Overview of Valence Bond Theory
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
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When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

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Shape-Complementary Dimers of Simple Mononuclear Cobalt(III) Complexes Formed Through Eightfold Hydrogen Bonding.

Shigehisa Akine1,2,3, Sachiko Yamaki1, Shogo Uchibori3

  • 1Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study explores cobalt(III) saloph complexes, revealing that primary amine ligands and methoxy groups significantly influence their reversible dimerization. These factors allow for tuning the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the resulting metal complex dimers.

Keywords:
amineschelatescobaltdimerizationhydrogen bonds

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Mononuclear metal complexes offer versatile platforms for constructing advanced materials.
  • Understanding ligand effects on complex assembly is crucial for designing functional supramolecular structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize cobalt(III) saloph complexes with primary amine axial ligands.
  • To investigate the influence of axial ligands and methoxy substituents on complex dimerization.
  • To elucidate the structural and dynamic aspects of dimer formation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of mononuclear cobalt(III) saloph complexes.
  • Solution-state analysis using concentration-dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy.
  • Quantitative kinetic and thermodynamic studies of monomer-dimer exchange.
  • X-ray crystallography for solid-state structural determination.

Main Results:

  • Reversible dimerization of cobalt(III) saloph complexes in solution was confirmed via 1H NMR.
  • Dimer stability (Kdim) and exchange kinetics (ka, kd) are strongly dependent on the primary amine ligands.
  • Methoxy groups on the saloph ligand significantly enhance dimer stability.
  • X-ray crystallography revealed similar slipped, parallel hydrogen-bonded dimeric structures in the solid state for all complexes.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of the 3-MeOsaloph framework and axial primary amines creates a modular system for building shape-complementary hydrogen-bonded dimers.
  • Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of these dimers can be finely tuned by modifying the axial ligands and substituents.
  • This work provides insights into the rational design of self-assembling mononuclear metal complexes.