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Microbial Biosensors

Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...

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Nanoassembled SERS Sensing for Complex Biological Systems: From Hotspot Engineering to Interface Regulation.

Haochen Ye1, Weidong Zhao2, Tie Wang1

  • 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Life and Health Detection, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China.

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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) now integrates interface regulation with hotspot engineering for active control. This approach enhances analyte capture and signal stability, advancing SERS for complex biological sensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics and Nanotechnology
  • Vibrational Spectroscopy
  • Biomedical Sensing

Background:

  • Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers single-molecule sensitivity but struggles with complex biological environments due to interface challenges.
  • Current SERS substrates often focus on hotspot engineering, neglecting analyte transport, capture, and signal stability.
  • Effective SERS analysis requires a predictive understanding and rational control of analyte-hotspot interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a conceptual shift in SERS substrate design from passive hotspot engineering to active interface regulation.
  • To establish a unified framework for SERS sensing in diverse biological systems (gas, liquid, solid-state).
  • To overcome limitations in analyte transport, matrix interference, and signal stability in practical SERS applications.

Main Methods:

  • Developed scalable, robust SERS substrates using precision nanoscale self-assembly and patterned printing ('printing assembly').
  • Implemented aerodynamic modulation (pore confinement, cavity enrichment) for gas-phase SERS.
  • Applied hydrodynamic manipulation (convective channels, filtration, wettability) for liquid-phase SERS.
  • Utilized dielectric-mediated field extension for large-volume or noncontact targets.

Main Results:

  • Achieved highly ordered, reproducible plasmonic superlattice substrates with uniform hotspots and mechanical robustness.
  • Demonstrated enhanced analyte retention and transport efficiency in gas and liquid phases through tailored interfacial strategies.
  • Extended detection limits beyond conventional near-field decay using dielectric-mediated field extension.
  • Showcased that interface regulation is crucial for SERS performance, on par with hotspot engineering.

Conclusions:

  • Active interface regulation, combined with hotspot engineering, provides a unified framework for robust SERS sensing in complex biological systems.
  • Printing assembly offers a scalable pathway for fabricating high-performance SERS substrates.
  • Future SERS development will benefit from AI integration for inverse design and spectral interpretation, accelerating its transition to a reliable analytical technology.