Bio-Inspired Full-Spectrum Bidirectional Optoelectronic Synaptic Transistor for In-Sensor Neuromorphic Vision

Inspired by avian visual systems, wide-spectrum bidirectional optoelectronic synaptic transistors (OSTs) have emerged as a transformative platform for neuromorphic vision processing. However, current artificial synaptic technologies remain constrained by fragmented control paradigms that rely on wavelength-selective or electrical polarity-dependent modulation, restricting their capacity for complex visual information processing. In this study, an organic 2D molecular crystal (2DMC) heterojunction is developed to achieve high-performance full-spectrum bidirectional OSTs. The high-quality 2DMC heterostructure facilitates efficient exciton separation and diffusion, yielding remarkable ambipolar characteristics with an exceptional responsivity of 6.3 × 10⁴ A W^-1 under weak light. The bipolar heterostructure transistor design enables dynamic reconfiguration between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic behaviors through dual modulation mechanisms of spectral tuning and gate polarity control, successfully emulating bidirectional neuroplasticity features. The practical viability of this technology is demonstrated through implementation in a broad-spectrum intelligent-vehicle-mounted vision system that achieves a classification accuracy of >90% for traffic objects across complex scenarios. This work not only provides an effective strategy for developing high-performance bidirectional optoelectronic synapses but also paves the way for advanced neuromorphic computing and intelligent machine vision technologies.