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Related Concept Videos

Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
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Bronchoscopy
Description
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules
06:03

Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules

Published on: May 23, 2015

Bleomycin TACE for symptomatic giant nodular goiter.

Yatong Li1, Qiyou Zhang2, Zhiwei Wang1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

European Radiology
|June 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with bleomycin offers a safe, minimally invasive treatment for giant nodular goiters. This procedure significantly reduces goiter volume and eliminates symptoms without major complications.

Keywords:
BleomycinDrug-loaded microspheresGiant nodular goiterMinimally invasive therapyTransarterial chemoembolization

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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Published on: May 4, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Giant nodular goiters are benign thyroid conditions associated with significant surgical risks.
  • Hypervascularity of these lesions complicates surgical resection.
  • Current treatment options for symptomatic goiters often involve substantial morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) using bleomycin for symptomatic giant nodular goiter.
  • To assess the volumetric reduction and symptom relief achieved by TACE.
  • To determine the complication rate and impact on thyroid function.

Main Methods:

  • A single-center retrospective study included 51 patients with giant nodular goiter (≥4 cm).
  • Patients were treated with TACE using 15,000 U bleomycin and 200-400 μm drug-loaded microspheres.
  • Volumetric reduction, symptom relief, complications, and thyroid function were assessed. Statistical analysis used non-parametric paired comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Technical success was achieved in all patients.
  • Median goiter volume decreased by 72.13% at 6-month follow-up (p < 0.0001).
  • Complete symptom remission was observed in all patients within 1 month, with no major procedure-related adverse events.

Conclusions:

  • Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with bleomycin is a feasible and safe minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic giant nodular goiter.
  • The procedure leads to sustained volume reduction and complete symptom resolution.
  • TACE offers a valuable alternative for patients unsuitable for surgery, potentially reducing morbidity.