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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

Determination

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Direct Induction of Hemogenic Endothelium and Blood by Overexpression of Transcription Factors in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Direct Induction of Hemogenic Endothelium and Blood by Overexpression of Transcription Factors in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: December 3, 2015

ETV2 for endothelial fate specification.

Zeyu Song¹, Jiahua Zheng², Jing Liu³

¹Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Beijing Advanced Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Aging-Related Diseases, Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development

|June 13, 2026

Summary

The transcription factor ETV2 drives endothelial cell differentiation for vascular regeneration and organoid development. This review explores ETV2

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In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing

Published on: May 11, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Direct Induction of Hemogenic Endothelium and Blood by Overexpression of Transcription Factors in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Direct Induction of Hemogenic Endothelium and Blood by Overexpression of Transcription Factors in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: December 3, 2015

Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Directed Differentiation of Hemogenic Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 31, 2021

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing

Published on: May 11, 2021

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Vascular regeneration is crucial for treating ischemic diseases and creating organoid models.
The transcription factor ETS variant 2 (ETV2) is a key regulator of embryonic angiogenesis in model organisms.
ETV2 controls endothelial cell (EC) differentiation during vascular development.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review ETV2's molecular mechanisms in endothelial fate specification.
To highlight strategies for manipulating vascular cell differentiation in vitro using ETV2.
To discuss challenges in translating ETV2-based cell engineering for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review of ETV2's role in vascular development and cell differentiation.
Analysis of in vitro studies demonstrating ETV2's capacity to induce endothelial lineage.
Discussion of current ETV2-based cell engineering technologies.

Main Results:

ETV2 is essential for embryonic angiogenesis and orchestrates vascular development.
ETV2 can efficiently induce differentiation or transdifferentiation of stem and somatic cells into ECs.
ETV2's function extends beyond embryonic development to in vitro cell manipulation.

Conclusions:

ETV2 holds significant potential for vascular regenerative therapies.
ETV2 facilitates the in vitro generation of endothelial cells for research and therapeutic use.
Overcoming translational challenges is key for the clinical application of ETV2-based technologies.