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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Isolation and Purification of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles from Human Feces Using Density Gradient Centrifugation
Published on: September 1, 2023
Extracellular vesicles from fermented foods: sources, characteristics, functionalities, and future applications
Xiaoyi Liu1, Joe-Hui Ong1, Yihang Lou1
1Department of Food Science and Engineering, International School, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Abstract:
This review provides a mechanistic synthesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in fermented foods, highlighting their emerging role as key bioactive mediators beyond traditional metabolites. EVs originate from both fermentative microorganisms and raw materials, carrying diverse cargos that enable intercellular and cross-kingdom communication. During fermentation, EV characteristics are dynamically modified through microbial-raw material interactions and environmental factors, which regulate EV biogenesis, cargo composition, and functional activity. Mechanistically, fermented food-derived EVs modulate host signaling pathways, thereby influencing immune responses and intestinal barrier function.
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