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Related Concept Videos

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...

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Vitamin D and skeletal health: Practical approaches for bone health across the lifespan.

Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care·2026
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Editorial: Impact of new vitamin D guidelines on pediatric and adult health: insights, evidence, and implications.

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High-dose vitamin D therapy and prolonged partial remission of type 1 diabetes - a case report.

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Impact of race and delayed adoption of diabetes technology on glycemia and partial remission in type 1 diabetes.

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Combined Use of Vitamin D and DPP-4 Inhibitors as a Potential Adjuvant Treatment Strategy to Enhance the Efficacy of Novel Beta-Cell Replacement Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

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High-dose Vitamin D and Non-Skeletal Health.

Benjamin Udoka Nwosu1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, NY, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.

Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care
|June 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent studies show high-dose vitamin D is essential for non-skeletal health, requiring higher serum levels than previously thought. This vitamin D therapy demonstrates efficacy and safety for conditions beyond bone health.

Keywords:
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseDiabetes mellitusDyslipidemiaMultiple sclerosisPartial clinical remissionTelomereVitamin D

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Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
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Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Published on: May 4, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
06:47

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Published on: May 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Previous vitamin D trials yielded inconsistent results for non-skeletal outcomes.
  • Recent research since 2024 highlights the importance of high-dose vitamin D therapy.
  • Elevated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are crucial for observing non-skeletal benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and population studies on vitamin D's non-skeletal functions.
  • To analyze the efficacy and safety of high-dose vitamin D supplementation for non-skeletal health.
  • To compare recent findings with the 2024 Endocrine Society Guidelines on Vitamin D.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Analysis of large-scale population studies.
  • Synthesis of evidence on vitamin D's role in various diseases and conditions.

Main Results:

  • High-dose vitamin D therapy is effective and safe for non-skeletal health.
  • Non-skeletal functions of vitamin D are observed at serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of 40-60 ng/mL.
  • Conditions benefiting include prediabetes, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and atherosclerotic vascular disease.

Conclusions:

  • Recent evidence supports high-dose vitamin D for significant non-skeletal health benefits.
  • Current Endocrine Society guidelines may underestimate optimal vitamin D serum concentrations for non-skeletal outcomes.
  • Vitamin D plays a vital role in longevity and telomere length preservation.