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Communication delay increases procedure time and instructor task load during simulated suturing by novices.

Albert Yeam¹, Khushi Bhatt¹, Katherine Hanna¹

¹School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.

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Remote surgical training is feasible despite communication delays. While a 4-second delay increased task time for simple interrupted sutures, it did not affect suturing quality, suggesting remote guidance is viable for basic interventions.

Area of Science:

Medical Education
Surgical Skills Training
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

Remote instruction is increasingly used in medical training.
The impact of communication delays on psychomotor skill acquisition is not fully understood.
Assessing the feasibility of remote guidance for basic surgical procedures is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effect of communication delay on remote instruction of simple interrupted suturing.
To compare task completion time and suturing quality under different communication delay conditions.
To assess the instructor's cognitive workload during remote guidance with communication delay.

Main Methods:

Participants were randomized into two groups: near real-time communication and 4-second delayed communication.

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The task involved performing five simple interrupted sutures.

Suturing quality was assessed, and task completion time was recorded.

Instructor-reported cognitive workload was measured.

Main Results:

The delayed communication group required more time to complete the sutures compared to the near real-time group.
The time difference diminished with subsequent sutures.
Suturing quality did not significantly differ between the two groups.
Instructor-reported cognitive workload was higher in the delayed communication group.

Conclusions:

Remote instruction for simple interrupted suturing is operationally feasible, even with a 4-second communication delay.
While delays increase task duration, they do not appear to compromise the quality of basic surgical interventions.
Remote guidance can be effectively utilized for training non-medically trained individuals in uncomplicated procedures.