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Inter-Individual Variability in Exercise-Induced Metabolic Responses Revealed by Breath and Blood High-Resolution

Jianming Yang¹, Zhifeng Tang^2,3, Xiaolan Hu²

¹Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research, Su Bingtian Center for Speed Research and Training, School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

|June 14, 2026

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Individual responses to exercise vary significantly. This study found that baseline breath profiles can predict how an individual

Area of Science:

Exercise physiology
Metabolomics
Biomarker discovery

Background:

Individual variability in physiological responses to exercise poses challenges for precise monitoring.
Understanding these differences is crucial for personalized training and health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate individual variability in metabolic adaptations to exercise using a metabolomics approach.
To explore the association between baseline breath profiles and systemic metabolic responses to exercise.

Main Methods:

Collected breath and blood samples before and after a two-week training intervention.
Utilized metabolomics for blood analysis and differential analysis to identify training-responsive metabolites.
Performed correlation analysis to link baseline breath metabolites with blood metabolic changes.

Keywords:

blood metabolomics breath metabolomics exercise monitoring high-resolution mass spectrometry interindividual heterogeneity

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Main Results:

Identified altered blood metabolites post-training related to energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
Observed significant interindividual heterogeneity in these metabolic responses.
Found significant associations between baseline breath metabolites and the magnitude of blood metabolic changes.

Conclusions:

Exercise-induced blood metabolic alterations show substantial individual variability.
Baseline breath metabolome serves as a potential noninvasive indicator of individual metabolic responses to exercise.
This framework supports further research into personalized exercise physiology.