Experimental models in immuno-oncology and their translational impact

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Translational Medicine

Background:

• In vivo studies, particularly murine models, are vital for advancing oncology research and therapeutic innovation.
• Similarities between animal and human immune systems aid in understanding cancer development and therapy.
• Preclinical research using animal models is essential for developing immunomodulatory drugs and novel treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on immuno-oncology experimental models in various cancer types.
• To examine the changing role of these models in cancer research.
• To discuss the justification for continued use of animal models alongside emerging alternative platforms.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of experimental evidence on immuno-oncology models.
• Analysis of the evolving landscape of preclinical cancer research platforms.
• Discussion of ethical considerations and biological limitations of animal models.

Main Results:

• Animal models, especially murine systems, have significantly contributed to immuno-oncology.
• Ethical concerns and questions about human disease replication are challenging the use of animal models.
• Alternative platforms like organoids, organ-on-chip, and advanced cell cultures are gaining traction.

Conclusions:

• The utility of animal models in experimental theranostics is under debate.
• Emerging technologies may be rendering traditional animal models less satisfactory.
• The continued application of animal models may still be justified in specific circumstances, necessitating careful consideration.