A multi-perspective analysis of the regulatory mechanisms governing pedicel abscission in tomato

This paper summarizes the molecular network regulating tomato pedicel abscission and proposes a multisignal integration framework for this regulatory process.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has emerged as a model plant for pedicel abscission studies due to its unique strengths, particularly the presence of a specialized abscission zone (AZ) that serves as the core regulatory node. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of pedicel abscission is crucial for improving crop stress resistance and yield. This paper summarizes recent progress in understanding the regulation of tomato pedicel abscission by environmental stresses, phytohormones, and transcription factors. For instance, environmental stress initiates the abscission program by disrupting the indoleacetic acid (IAA) gradient, inducing ethylene (ETH) bursts, and activating peptide hormone signaling pathways. The multilevel integrated regulation of the abscission process by a network of transcription factors is also systematically discussed. This regulation ensures the spatial and temporal coordination of AZ development, IAA transport, ETH response, and stress signaling. Despite significant advancements, several aspects remain to be explored in depth, including the dynamic interplay between environmental signals and endogenous abscission programs, the stress tolerance functions of core regulatory elements, and their ecological adaptations. This review comprehensively analyzes the molecular mechanisms of pedicel abscission in tomato, providing theoretical support and direction for crop resistance research.