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Related Concept Videos

Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...
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Transgenic Plants

Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

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Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Breeding by Design for Functional Rice with Genome Editing Technologies
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Published on: January 3, 2025

Multiplex Editing of BnBAK Genes Creates Compact, Semi-Dwarf Rapeseed.

Yuanbin Zhang1, Yiyi Guo1, Rui Sun2

  • 1Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Plant, Cell & Environment
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified key genes (BAK) controlling plant architecture in rapeseed (Brassica napus). Manipulating these genes can lead to shorter plants with altered silique arrangement, aiding in breeding for improved crop yield and lodging resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Genetics
  • Crop Science

Background:

  • Plant architecture in Brassica napus is crucial for crop productivity, impacting lodging resistance and planting density.
  • The BAK gene family plays a significant role in regulating plant morphology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic regulation of plant architecture by focusing on the BAK gene family in Brassica napus.
  • To identify downstream regulators and molecular mechanisms involved in BnBAK-mediated plant architecture modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Generated knockout mutants using a multi-target sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 strategy.
  • Performed phenotypic characterization, expression and localization analyses, and transcriptomic analysis.
  • Conducted functional complementation studies in Arabidopsis.

Main Results:

  • Specific higher-order BnBAK mutants exhibited reduced plant height and altered silique arrangement without compromising yield.
  • BnBAK genes are expressed in leaves and stem internodes, with proteins localizing to membrane systems.
  • Transcriptomic analysis revealed reprogramming of photosynthesis and defense pathways, with TCP transcription factors identified as key downstream regulators.

Conclusions:

  • BnBAK genes are essential for modulating plant architecture in Brassica napus.
  • BnBAK proteins are required for BnTCP accumulation, and TCP transcription factors are key downstream regulators.
  • These findings offer insights for breeding compact, high-yielding rapeseed varieties.