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Updated: Jun 16, 2026
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Published on: July 1, 2016
Advancing Sustainable Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction: Methodological Formats and Eco-Friendly Solvents for
Jameel Ahmed Baig1, Muhammad Balal Arain2,3, Tasneem Gul Kazi4
1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Journal of Separation Science
|June 15, 2026
Summary
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) offers an efficient method for heavy metal analysis. This review explores various DLLME techniques and greener solvents for improved preconcentration and detection.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Environmental Chemistry
Background:
- Heavy metals are significant chemical pollutants requiring effective preconcentration methods.
- Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a highly effective sample preparation technique for heavy metal analysis.
- DLLME offers advantages such as speed, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and minimal solvent consumption.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review various DLLME modes for heavy metal extraction.
- To discuss the application and benefits of alternative green solvents in DLLME.
- To provide a comparative assessment of DLLME approaches and green solvents.
Main Methods:
- Review of established and emerging DLLME techniques (e.g., ultrasound-assisted, vortex-assisted, air-assisted).
- Exploration of alternative solvent systems including supramolecular solvents (SUPRAs), switchable solvents (SSs), and deep eutectic solvents (DESs).
- Critical examination of limitations associated with specific DLLME modes and solvents.
Main Results:
- DLLME modes enhance extraction efficiency for heavy metals.
- Green solvents like SUPRAs, SSs, and DESs improve the environmental profile of DLLME.
- Comparative analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of different DLLME strategies.
Conclusions:
- DLLME, especially with green solvents, is a promising approach for sensitive heavy metal determination.
- Further research is needed to overcome limitations and optimize DLLME for environmental monitoring.
- The review provides a comprehensive overview of DLLME advancements for heavy metal analysis.
Keywords:
air‐assistedeffervescence‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextractionspray‐assistedultrasound‐assistedvortex‐assistedMore Related Videos
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