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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
08:20

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization

Published on: September 2, 2021

Molecular Stability as a Translational Gate: A Structured Framework for Target Validation in Genetic Cardiomyopathy.

Sanghati Basu1, Mahesh Narayan2, Prakash Narayan3

  • 1Healthcare Informatics, University of Illinois Springfield, Springfield, USA.

Cureus
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Genetic cardiomyopathy research often overlooks molecular stability and reproducibility. This study proposes a framework emphasizing cross-cohort concordance and mechanistic evidence for reliable clinical advancement in genetic heart diseases.

Keywords:
biomarkersconcordance scoringcross-cohort reproducibilitydilated cardiomyopathyhypertrophic cardiomyopathymolecular stabilitymulti-omicssarcomeretarget validationtranslational framework

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Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model
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Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
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Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model
03:45

Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model

Published on: August 8, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Genetic cardiomyopathy research frequently assumes pathogenicity and mechanistic plausibility are sufficient for clinical advancement.
  • This assumption overlooks the critical need for molecular consequences to be stable and reproducible across diverse patient cohorts.
  • Biological heterogeneity, incomplete penetrance, and model limitations introduce unquantified translational risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the current approach in genetic cardiomyopathy research by highlighting the necessity of molecular stability and reproducibility.
  • To propose a new translational framework that integrates mechanistic plausibility with cross-cohort concordance as a critical development gate.
  • To provide a structured approach for evaluating the translational risk associated with genetic targets in cardiomyopathies.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized published evidence across key mechanistic domains in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy (sarcomeric biology, calcium signaling, fibrosis, metabolic remodeling, immune crosstalk).
  • Critically evaluated biological heterogeneity, incomplete penetrance, and model limitations for their impact on translational risk.
  • Organized evidence by mechanistic domain and assessed reproducibility strength using a structured synthesis approach.

Main Results:

  • Molecular stability is primarily a function of mechanism, not solely genetic evidence.
  • Cross-cohort concordance must be an explicit development gate, alongside mechanistic plausibility.
  • A seven-step translational framework and a five-domain Molecular Concordance Scoring Matrix were proposed to operationalize these principles.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic cardiomyopathy serves as a model for a broader issue in genetically anchored, molecularly heterogeneous diseases.
  • The proposed framework emphasizes demonstrating, not assuming, molecular stability.
  • An empirical agenda is specified for validating and generalizing this framework to improve translational success in genetic heart diseases.