Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Brain morphometry, stimulation charge, and seizure duration in electroconvulsive therapy.

Molecular psychiatry·2025
Same author

Brain morphometry, stimulation charge, and seizure duration in electroconvulsive therapy.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Hearing Function Moderates Age-Related Differences in Brain Morphometry in the HCP Aging Cohort.

Human brain mapping·2024
Same author

Perceptual and cognitive effects of focal tDCS of auditory cortex in tinnitus.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2024
Same journal

From Chaos to Care: Personalized AI for Early Cardiac Arrhythmia Warning.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same journal

Large distant deletion disrupts CDKN2A enhancer and predisposes to melanoma.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same journal

Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots in Genetic Counseling Practice: Current Uptake, Utilization, and Perspectives.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same journal

Longitudinal MAP-MRI-based Assessment of Tissue Microstructural Alterations in Acute mTBI.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same journal

A class of deep intronic <i>IGHMBP2</i> variants activate a shared cryptic splice donor, enabling correction of select variants with a single antisense oligonucleotide.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same journal

Global Socioeconomic Context and Brain Ageing in Epilepsy: an ENIGMA-Epilepsy study.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Auditory Network Discoherence in Chronic Tinnitus.

Amber M Leaver1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic tinnitus, a common condition, shows reduced auditory network connectivity in the brain. This auditory dysconnectivity may serve as a biomarker for tinnitus and offers insights into potential treatment mechanisms.

Keywords:
MRITinnitusauditorycerebellumhearing loss

More Related Videos

Semi-Automated Analysis of Peak Amplitude and Latency for Auditory Brainstem Response Waveforms Using R
06:01

Semi-Automated Analysis of Peak Amplitude and Latency for Auditory Brainstem Response Waveforms Using R

Published on: December 9, 2022

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
09:23

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

Published on: October 16, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Semi-Automated Analysis of Peak Amplitude and Latency for Auditory Brainstem Response Waveforms Using R
06:01

Semi-Automated Analysis of Peak Amplitude and Latency for Auditory Brainstem Response Waveforms Using R

Published on: December 9, 2022

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
09:23

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

Published on: October 16, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Chronic tinnitus is prevalent, lacks effective treatments, and its mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Previous MRI studies yielded inconsistent results, hindering mechanistic understanding.
  • Growing evidence implicates auditory system dysfunction in tinnitus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically assess auditory network function in chronic tinnitus using multiple fMRI datasets.
  • To identify novel auditory network nodes, including cerebellar regions.
  • To investigate auditory network connectivity and strength in tinnitus patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of multiple functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets.
  • Definition of auditory network nodes, including novel cerebellar regions (lobules VI, VIIIa).
  • Assessment of auditory network connectivity and strength in individuals with chronic tinnitus.

Main Results:

  • Reduced auditory network connectivity was observed in the cerebellum and superior olivary complex in chronic tinnitus.
  • Auditory network strength was also found to be reduced in chronic tinnitus patients.
  • These findings align with some previous studies and animal model data.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory network dysconnectivity may serve as a biomarker for chronic tinnitus.
  • Reduced connectivity in specific brain regions might explain the efficacy of trigeminal stimulation therapies.
  • Efferent cochlear pathways involved in head-centric interoception may play a key mechanistic role in tinnitus.