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Digging deeper into NINJ1: its multifaceted role in central nervous system diseases
Mengting Tian1, Meicen Zhou1, Shiping Li2
1Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Frontiers in Immunology
|June 15, 2026
Summary
Ninjurin1 (NINJ1) executes plasma membrane rupture in cell death. This review details NINJ1
Area of Science:
- Cell biology
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
Background:
- Ninjurin1 (NINJ1) is a cell-surface molecule mediating plasma membrane rupture (PMR).
- NINJ1 executes PMR in pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, linking cell death to inflammation.
- Its specific role in the central nervous system (CNS) is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review NINJ1's structure, expression, activation, and regulation.
- To focus on NINJ1's roles in various CNS disorders.
- To identify knowledge gaps and evaluate therapeutic strategies targeting NINJ1 for neurological diseases.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review.
- Analysis of NINJ1's molecular properties and functions.
- Evaluation of therapeutic approaches for NINJ1 in CNS disorders.
Main Results:
- NINJ1 is a key executor of PMR across multiple lytic cell death pathways.
- NINJ1 has multifaceted roles in CNS disorders like MS, stroke, TBI, SCI, and neurodegenerative diseases.
- Knowledge gaps exist regarding cell type-specific functions in the CNS.
Conclusions:
- NINJ1 is a critical mediator of cell death and inflammation in the CNS.
- Further research is needed to elucidate cell-specific functions and develop targeted therapies.
- NINJ1-targeting therapeutics show promise for neurological disease treatment.
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