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Pediatric health: mechanistic insights into inflammatory diseases and emerging therapeutic pathway-targeted

Qi Zhou1, Ciai Lai1, Minyu Zhang1

  • 1Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.

Translational Pediatrics
|June 15, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric inflammatory diseases are rising globally. This review details immune system dysregulation in children and highlights new targeted therapies for better precision medicine and long-term outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric immunology
  • Inflammatory disorders
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Pediatric inflammatory diseases like arthritis, IBD, and asthma are a growing global concern.
  • These conditions stem from immune dysregulation influenced by genetics, environment, and the developing immune system.
  • Understanding pediatric immune ontogeny is crucial for managing these diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a mechanism-centered review of pediatric inflammation.
  • To emphasize key immunological pathways involved in childhood inflammatory disorders.
  • To highlight emerging targeted therapies for pediatric precision medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pediatric inflammation and immunology.
  • Focus on immune ontogeny, innate/adaptive immune dysregulation, and signaling pathways.
  • Exploration of novel therapeutic strategies, including cytokine blockade and gene editing.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of immune dysregulation mechanisms in pediatric inflammation.
  • Identification of critical pathways such as cytokine signaling, inflammasomes, and the gut-immune axis.
  • Emerging therapies show promise for targeted intervention in childhood inflammatory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Early, mechanism-based interventions during development can improve long-term outcomes.
  • Precision medicine approaches informed by developmental immunology are key.
  • Targeted therapeutics offer potential for more effective management of childhood inflammatory disorders.

Keywords:
JAK inhibitorsPediatric inflammatory diseasecytokine signalingimmune system developmentprecision medicine

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