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Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis02:19

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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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Pollination and Flower Structure

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Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Whole-mount Clearing and Staining of Arabidopsis Flower Organs and Siliques
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Published on: April 12, 2018

Mechanisms underlying green flower formation.

Xu Li1,2, Conghao Hong1,2, Hao Li1,2

  • 1National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.

Horticulture Research
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Green flowers retain chlorophyll due to suppressed degradation or altered plastid development. This research explores the molecular and genetic basis of green floral pigmentation and its evolutionary significance.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Green flowers are rare, offering insights into floral pigmentation and chlorophyll retention mechanisms.
  • Most flowers lose chlorophyll during maturation, but some species maintain it through various physiological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of green flower formation.
  • To integrate evidence from plastid biology, chlorophyll metabolism, and gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of research across diverse taxa, integrating data from plastid biology, chlorophyll metabolism, and gene regulation.
  • Analysis of transcriptional networks and floral organ identity genes.
  • Examination of naturally occurring variants and engineered lines.

Main Results:

  • Chlorophyll homeostasis in petals is influenced by light, hormones, and transcriptional networks.
  • Homeotic transformations can lead to leaf-like floral characteristics.
  • Interplay between organ identity and pigment metabolism is crucial for green flower development.

Conclusions:

  • Shared regulatory frameworks and lineage-specific innovations underlie green flower formation.
  • Targeted manipulation could enable breeding of stable green flowers.
  • Understanding these processes enhances knowledge of floral biology and plant phenotype design.