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Related Concept Videos

Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
Genetic Screens02:46

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq
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Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq

Published on: March 12, 2021

Gene-Environment Interaction Loci Associated with Refractive Error: SCAMPI Analysis.

Xi He1, Louise Terry1, Jeremy A Guggenheim1

  • 1School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.

Ophthalmology Science
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method, SCAMPI, effectively identifies gene-environment interactions for refractive error, outperforming existing approaches. It found novel loci, including a TCF7L2 variant linked to myopia risk and education.

Keywords:
Gene-environment interactionMyopiaRefractive errorvGWASvQTL

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An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq
06:24

Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq

Published on: March 12, 2021

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Ophthalmology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Refractive error is influenced by gene-environment interactions.
  • Identifying these interactions is crucial for understanding myopia development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare a novel method, SCAMPI, with Levene's test and CQR for identifying gene-environment interaction loci.
  • To evaluate method performance for refractive error, a trait with known GxE effects.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study using UK Biobank data (N=77,880 discovery, N=257,265 validation).
  • SCAMPI, Levene's test, and CQR were applied to identify variance quantitative trait loci (vQTLs).
  • vQTLs were validated and assessed for genotype-by-education and gene-gene interactions.

Main Results:

  • SCAMPI identified 15 vQTLs (P <5.0e-08), compared to 3 (Levene's) and 11 (CQR).
  • 80% of SCAMPI vQTLs were validated; novel loci included rs7077247 in TCF7L2.
  • The TCF7L2 variant showed increased myopia risk with higher education (P = 9.43e-04).

Conclusions:

  • SCAMPI is superior to Levene's test and CQR for detecting gene-environment interaction loci in refractive error.
  • A TCF7L2 variant may increase myopia susceptibility with higher education, linking Wnt signaling to myopia risk.
  • The findings highlight SCAMPI's utility in genetic research.