Intelligent multimodal-energy-driven piezoelectric antibacterial platforms: From structural control to system-level...

Piezocatalysis offers a non-antibiotic, physical-chemical approach to address the challenge of bacterial infection resistance, but its reliance on single energy sources and empirical design limits its potential. This review focuses on intelligent piezoelectric antibacterial platforms powered by multimodal energy and enhanced by artificial intelligence, systematically summarizing the latest research progress in the field. First, based on an in-depth analysis of the limitations of traditional antibacterial strategies, the evolutionary trajectory of piezoelectric technology from single-energy to multimodal synergistic driving is clarified. Second, we systematically explain the piezocatalytic antibacterial mechanism and reveal its synergistic enhancement with other antibacterial components under multiphysical fields, highlighting their comprehensive advantages in improving antibacterial efficacy and achieving precise spatiotemporal control. Furthermore, the synergistic regulatory effects of key structural parameters on the piezoelectric properties and antibacterial activity of materials are thoroughly analyzed. Additionally, typical application cases of such intelligent platforms in cutting-edge scenarios, such as smart wound management, functional anti-infection implant coatings, and precise intervention for localized infections in the lungs and oral cavity, are systematically reviewed. Finally, critical challenges related to material stability, biosafety, and scalable production are discussed, and future research directions empowered by AI are prospected. This review establishes an interdisciplinary theoretical framework and extensible technical pathway for constructing adaptive piezoelectric antibacterial platforms.