Dataset on hydration, microstructure, mechanical performance and environmental impacts of Portland cement...

This data article presents experimental datasets generated from ordinary Portland cement systems incorporating waste-derived ferrous sulfate hydrates (FeSO₄·xH₂O) as an alternative sulfate-regulating component to natural gypsum. The datasets document material synthesis conditions, cement binder preparation, hydration-related characteristics, microstructural features, mechanical performance, chromium speciation, and environmental inventory inputs associated with the investigated cement systems. The dataset includes X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and quantitative phase analysis files, thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) data obtained over a broad temperature range, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of hydrated cement pastes. Chemical composition data for raw materials and cement binders were obtained using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Additional datasets include Vicat initial and final setting-time results, compressive strength measurements obtained at different curing ages, soluble hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] concentration data, and life-cycle inventory inputs compiled for the cradle-to-gate environmental assessment. All data files are systematically organized according to experimental technique, sample designation, and curing age, and include both raw instrument outputs and processed data tables to support transparency, reproducibility, and reuse. These datasets are intended to facilitate data-driven analysis, comparative evaluation of alternative sulfate-regulating additives, modelling of cement hydration behavior, and environmental assessment of cementitious materials incorporating industrial by-products.