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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Simultaneous Multi-surface Anodizations and Stair-like Reverse Biases Detachment of Anodic Aluminum Oxides in Sulfuric and Oxalic Acid Electrolyte
10:27

Simultaneous Multi-surface Anodizations and Stair-like Reverse Biases Detachment of Anodic Aluminum Oxides in Sulfuric and Oxalic Acid Electrolyte

Published on: October 5, 2017

Layer-Dependent Oxidation Spreading in Multilayer Graphene during AFM Local Anodic Oxidation.

Jan Vymazal1,2, Martin Konecny1,2, Jakub Piastek1,2

  • 1Central European Institute of Technology - Brno University of Technology (CEITEC BUT), Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.

ACS Omega
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores how multilayer graphene

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Local anodic oxidation is a key technique for creating graphene oxide nanostructures.
  • Oxidation spreading from a stationary tip on graphene remains understudied.
  • Previous research focused on monolayer graphene, necessitating studies on multilayer systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of graphene layer number on oxidation spreading patterns.
  • To characterize the different nanostructure types formed.
  • To develop a theoretical model for pattern formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) for local anodic oxidation and topography.
  • Employed Kelvin probe force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy for property characterization.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Simultaneous Multi-surface Anodizations and Stair-like Reverse Biases Detachment of Anodic Aluminum Oxides in Sulfuric and Oxalic Acid Electrolyte
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Simultaneous Multi-surface Anodizations and Stair-like Reverse Biases Detachment of Anodic Aluminum Oxides in Sulfuric and Oxalic Acid Electrolyte

Published on: October 5, 2017

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  • Performed electric field calculations using COMSOL Multiphysics for theoretical modeling.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified three distinct pattern categories: graphene craters (2-8 layers), isotropic etching (8-14 layers), and anisotropic etching (>28 layers).
    • Observed pattern radius increases with relative humidity, independent of exposure time.
    • Correlated pattern formation with oxidation initiated at graphene defects and cleavages.

    Conclusions:

    • The number of graphene layers significantly influences anodic oxidation spreading patterns.
    • Relative humidity plays a crucial role in determining pattern size.
    • A combined experimental and simulation model explains the observed phenomena based on defect-initiated oxidation.