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Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
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Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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Defect-Driven Optical Modulation in Rare-Earth-Modified Zn2SnO4 Spinels for Advanced Optoelectronic Applications.

Ramesh Kumar Raji1, Noor S Alnahdi1, Tasnem Hamam1

  • 1Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates.

ACS Omega
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rare-earth doping of spinel Zn2SnO4 modifies its structure and optical properties. Lanthanum and cerium doping tune photoluminescence, making Zn2SnO4 a promising material for visible-light applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Spinel Zn2SnO4 is a semiconductor with potential applications.
  • Aliovalent substitution can modulate material properties.
  • Understanding structure-property relationships is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize La- and Ce-doped Zn2SnO4.
  • To investigate the effects of aliovalent substitution on structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties.
  • To establish correlations between structure, defects, and optical behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-state synthesis route.
  • Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, Raman, UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence, SEM-EDS, and XPS.
  • Analysis of structural, optical, and luminescence properties.

Main Results:

  • Cubic spinel structure confirmed with minor SnO2 phase.
  • Rare-earth incorporation led to lattice expansion, microstrain, and reduced crystallite size.
  • Band gap narrowed, extending visible-light activity (3.57 eV to 3.12 eV).
  • Dopant-selective color tuning observed: orange emission for La-doped, green for Ce-doped.
  • Enhanced oxygen-vacancy-related defects and presence of various metal ion states.

Conclusions:

  • Aliovalent substitution effectively modulates structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of Zn2SnO4.
  • Rare-earth doping induces specific defects and band gap changes.
  • Modified Zn2SnO4 shows promise for visible-light optoelectronics, luminescence, and optical sensing.