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Patterns in Attribute Selection and Development Reporting in Patient Preference Studies Between 2007-2024: A

Siu Hing Lo¹, Rebekah Hall¹, Joy Wong²

¹Acaster Lloyd, London, UK.

Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research

|June 15, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) require robust attribute selection for validity. This review found inconsistent reporting of formative methods and limited patient partnership, highlighting a need for improved standards in patient preference research.

Keywords:

attribute development attribute selection discrete choice experiments patient and public involvement patient preferences research reporting review

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Area of Science:

Health Services Research
Patient-Reported Outcomes
Health Economics

Background:

Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are vital for understanding patient preferences in healthcare.
The validity of DCEs hinges on rigorous attribute selection and development.
This review addresses reporting patterns and gaps in patient preference studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify reporting patterns and gaps in the formative attribute selection and development process for patient preference DCEs.
To inform future reporting standards for patient preference studies.

Main Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted using Ovid (MEDLINE, EMBASE) for studies on patients, DCEs, and attribute selection.
Two reviewers screened studies for eligibility, focusing on formative attribute development methods and reporting quality.
Data were synthesized narratively, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.

Main Results:

Twenty-eight studies were reviewed, identifying six categories of formative methods.
While most studies reported objectives, methodological transparency decreased for details on rationale, sampling, data collection, and analysis.
Fewer than half of studies reported how formative findings informed attribute selection, level selection, or wording decisions.
Patient engagement as research partners was reported in only 7% of studies.

Conclusions:

Inconsistent reporting of formative methods for attribute selection and development was observed.
Low reporting levels exist for how formative research informed key attribute decisions.
Increased patient engagement as research partners and improved reporting standards are crucial for enhancing the validity and relevance of patient preference research.