Latent profiles of ethical sensitivity and correlates in nursing interns

BackgroundEthical sensitivity is a foundational competency that enables nursing interns to recognize and respond to ethical issues in clinical practice. Understanding its heterogeneity is essential for designing tailored educational interventions.AimThis study aimed to identify distinct latent profiles of ethical sensitivity among nursing interns and to examine their associations with critical thinking and readiness for artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare.Research designA cross-sectional study design was employed.Participants and research contextA total of 458 nursing interns from 32 medical colleges across seven provinces in China completed a general information questionnaire, the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (ESQ-NS), the Simplified Critical Thinking Scale (S-CTS), and the Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale for Medical Students (MAIRS-MS).Ethical considerationsApproved by the Institutional Review Board (No. 2025-1380). Informed consent was obtained. Data were anonymous and confidential.ResultsLatent profile analysis identified four distinct profiles of ethical sensitivity: Rights-Privacy Focused (14.2%), Justice-Beneficence Focused (57.9%), Balanced-Intermediate (10.9%), and High Overall Sensitivity (17.0%). Significant differences were observed across profiles in critical thinking (S-CTS) and AI readiness (MAIRS-MS) scores. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that lower critical thinking scores were significantly associated with higher odds of belonging to the Balanced-Intermediate and Rights-Privacy Focused profiles, compared to the High Overall Sensitivity profile.ConclusionsEthical sensitivity among nursing interns is heterogeneous, manifesting in four distinct profiles. Critical thinking differed significantly across these profiles. The findings underscore the need for tailored educational strategies that address specific profile characteristics to better prepare future nurses for ethically complex and increasingly technology-driven healthcare environments.