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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

Neuronal resilience as an active and programmable property.

Erica Acquarone1

  • 1Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630W 168(th) Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Nano-pulsed laser therapy reprograms neural stem cells to create amyloid-β resistant neurons. This approach targets Alzheimer

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseamyloid-βnano-pulsed laser therapyresilience

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Amyloid-β oligomers are linked to synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Neuronal failure in AD is not solely determined by amyloid-β presence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss findings on nano-pulsed laser therapy (NPLT) for reprogramming neural stem cells.
  • To explore NPLT's potential in enhancing neuronal resilience against amyloid-β toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent findings by Johnson et al. on NPLT.
  • Analysis of NPLT's effects on adult hippocampal neural stem cells (AHNSCs).

Main Results:

  • NPLT reprograms AHNSCs to generate neurons resistant to amyloid-β toxicity.
  • This reprogramming may involve hormetic modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and mitochondrial function.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal resilience in Alzheimer's disease can be an active, programmable therapeutic target.
  • NPLT offers a novel strategy for enhancing neuronal resistance in AD pathophysiology.