Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2026

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements
Published on: December 5, 2025
Surface-Modified InVGr as a Thermal Interface Material with High Thermal Conductivity and Low Contact Thermal
Yisimayili Tuersun1, Wenmei Luo2, Junfeng Zhao3
1Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Abstract:
Highly efficient thermal interface materials (TIMs) play an essential role for integrated devices and systems of high energy density such as AI and power semiconductor chips. Conventional polymer-based composite TIMs that have low thermal conductivity and large contact thermal resistance do not meet heat dissipation needs of rapidly developing modern high-power electronics. In this work, we report an indium/vertical graphite (InVGr) composite material, which exhibits thermal conductivity as high as 220.2 W/m·K. Moreover, by employing low-melting-point InBiSn liquid metal (LM) for contact surface optimization, the contact thermal resistance was reduced to 0.09 cm2·K/W under a pressure of 100 psi. Practical heat dissipation experiments demonstrate that with the LM/InVGr/LM composite, the heat source temperature was drastically decreased from 113.3 °C (when using commercial silicone pad SF 600G, 8 W/m·K) to 55.5 °C. Equivalent heat transfer coefficient analysis demonstrates that the cooling efficiency of LM/InVGr/LM outperforms those of commercial silicone pads and carbon fiber pads. These findings confirm that the surface-modified InVGr serves as a novel solution for the effective thermal management of state-of-the-art high-power electronic devices.
Related Concept Videos
Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred to as...
Mechanism of heat transfer
Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
Thermal Insulation in Masonry Walls
External insulation can be applied using an Exterior Insulation and Finish System (EIFS), which involves affixing panels of plastic foam to the wall and covering them with a polymeric stucco reinforced with glass fiber mesh.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I
