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Methods for Acute and Subacute Murine Hindlimb Ischemia
Published on: June 21, 2016
Pedal Acceleration Time as a Marker of Limb Perfusion: A Systematic Review and Correlation Meta-Analysis
Nikolaos Papatheodorou1, Pavle Pavlovic2, Jose Salcedo3
1Clinic and Polyclinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery - Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds
|June 15, 2026
Summary
Pedal acceleration time (PAT) shows strong correlations with established measures for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). This study suggests PAT is a valuable tool for detecting and grading PAD, especially chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).
Area of Science:
- Vascular Medicine
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) assessment often relies on ankle-brachial index (ABI) and toe pressure, which can be unreliable in certain patients.
- Pedal acceleration time (PAT) is emerging as a potential diagnostic tool for PAD, but its clinical utility requires systematic evaluation.
- There is a need to understand the diagnostic accuracy of PAT for PAD and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) classification and staging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically evaluate the diagnostic worth of Pedal Acceleration Time (PAT) for Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD).
- To synthesize evidence on PAT's accuracy for PAD and Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia (CLTI) classification and staging.
- To explore the association between PAT and established hemodynamic indices through meta-analysis.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library up to January 2026.
- Inclusion of studies involving adults with suspected or confirmed PAD using PAT or other acceleration-based duplex measurements.
- Meta-analysis to assess diagnostic accuracy and correlations between PAT and established hemodynamic indices (ABI, Toe-Brachial Index, toe pressure).
Main Results:
- Nine eligible articles involving 1115 patients and 1748 limbs were analyzed.
- PAT demonstrated strong inverse correlations with established hemodynamic indices (correlation coefficients -0.78 to -0.89).
- Meta-analysis showed significant correlations between PAT and ABI (pooled r ≈ -0.80) and PAT and TBI (pooled r ≈ -0.76), with varying heterogeneity.
Conclusions:
- Pedal acceleration time (PAT) consistently correlates with established perfusion indices used in PAD assessment.
- PAT appears to be a valuable and reliable measure for detecting Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia (CLTI).
- PAT demonstrates potential for grading the severity of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD).
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