Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Psychopathology, cognitive and social function, and ERP indices at the lower state of psychosis continuum: a case control study.

Journal of psychiatric research·2026
Same author

Study on the Role and Mechanism of γδ T Cells in Atherosclerosis Under a High-Fat Diet.

Reviews in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

Hemoglobin to red cell distribution width ratio and mortality in cardiovascular kidney metabolic syndrome: the mediating role of eGFR.

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD·2026
Same author

Plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular outcomes in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease: a retrospective cohort study.

BMC cardiovascular disorders·2026
Same author

The Novel HLA-DRB1*09:01:13 Allele, Identified by Sanger Dideoxy Nucleotide Sequencing in a Chinese Individual.

HLA·2026
Same author

Combined Effect of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Homocysteine on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Coronary Heart Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Reviews in cardiovascular medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Function and Mechanism of TRPV4 in Promoting Vascular Calcification by Regulating RUNX2 through IL-6.

Wen-Juan Yang, Zheng Ma, Jian-Sheng Pei

    Clinical Laboratory
    |June 15, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) promotes vascular calcification by upregulating Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Runx2. This finding offers new therapeutic targets for preventing arterial and valvular calcification.

    More Related Videos

    Isolation and Characterization of Primary Rat Valve Interstitial Cells: A New Model to Study Aortic Valve Calcification
    08:55

    Isolation and Characterization of Primary Rat Valve Interstitial Cells: A New Model to Study Aortic Valve Calcification

    Published on: November 20, 2017

    Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro
    05:47

    Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro

    Published on: May 10, 2021

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
    08:43

    Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

    Published on: May 31, 2016

    Isolation and Characterization of Primary Rat Valve Interstitial Cells: A New Model to Study Aortic Valve Calcification
    08:55

    Isolation and Characterization of Primary Rat Valve Interstitial Cells: A New Model to Study Aortic Valve Calcification

    Published on: November 20, 2017

    Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro
    05:47

    Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro

    Published on: May 10, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Biology
    • Molecular Medicine
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Vascular calcification involves hydroxyapatite deposition in arteries and valves.
    • Identifying molecular markers is crucial for understanding calcification mechanisms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify molecular markers for vascular calcification.
    • To elucidate the biological functions and pathways of TRPV4 in vascular calcification.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of two vascular calcification datasets (GSE136593, GSE159832).
    • Exploration of TRPV4 functional expression and pathways using Partek Flow and Qiagen IPA.
    • In vitro experiments with A7R5 cells treated with TRPV4 agonist/antagonist and calcifying medium.

    Main Results:

    • Distinct transcriptomes between calcified and non-calcified blood vessels.
    • Upregulated TRPV4 expression correlated with calcification in human and mouse samples.
    • TRPV4 promotes osteogenic differentiation and smooth muscle cell calcification via IL-6 and RUNX2.

    Conclusions:

    • TRPV4 plays a key role in regulating vascular calcification.
    • TRPV4 activates IL-6, contributing to the calcification process.
    • TRPV4 inhibition presents a potential therapeutic strategy for vascular calcification.