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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Fabrication of Ti3C2 MXene Microelectrode Arrays for In Vivo Neural Recording
09:58

Fabrication of Ti3C2 MXene Microelectrode Arrays for In Vivo Neural Recording

Published on: February 12, 2020

Chemically Programmable Underwater Sound-Absorbing Metamaterial via MXene Self-Assembly.

Ziwen Gan1, Ranran Qi1, Mingyi Liao1

  • 1College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
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This study introduces a novel chemically programmable metamaterial for underwater acoustics. This material overcomes geometric limitations, offering tunable performance and efficient sound absorption through chemical adjustments.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Acoustics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Underwater acoustic metamaterials traditionally rely on geometric design, leading to narrow bandwidth and complex fabrication.
  • Existing methods face limitations in achieving broad frequency tunability and efficient sound absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a chemically programmable metamaterial that overcomes the limitations of geometry-dependent acoustic metamaterials.
  • To demonstrate a new paradigm for designing metamaterials by shifting control from geometry to intrinsic material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a core film via directed self-assembly of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
  • Lamination of the core film with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) to create a multi-level constraint system.
Keywords:
control logicfabricationlayered structurematerials sciencemetamaterialnanotechnologyoptoelectronics

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  • Chemical programming by adjusting crosslinker concentration and physical programming by modulating film thickness and layer count.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved an average absorption coefficient of 0.90 across the 1000-4000 Hz frequency range with a subwavelength thickness of 10 mm.
    • Demonstrated continuous tailoring of resonance bands and dynamic states through chemical adjustments.
    • Enhanced low-frequency performance with an absorption coefficient of 0.70 at 600 Hz via physical tuning.

    Conclusions:

    • Established chemical programming as a viable and powerful paradigm for designing advanced metamaterials.
    • Overcame the inherent limitations of conventional geometry-based metamaterial design.
    • Paved the way for developing next-generation underwater acoustic metamaterials with enhanced and tunable performance.