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Related Concept Videos

Pipe Flowrate Measurement01:28

Pipe Flowrate Measurement

In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
The orifice meter is a simple,...
Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...
Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving01:28

Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving

A spray tank system is engineered to uniformly distribute a pest-control liquid across plants by using a pressurized mechanism. The tank, pressurized to 150 kPa, holds the pesticide at a height of 0.80 meters. Liquid flows from the tank through a 1.9 meter pipe with a diameter of 0.015 meters, angled at 0.698 radians, ultimately reaching a 0.007 meter nozzle that sprays the pesticide. Accurate calculation of the system's flow rate is crucial to ensure uniform application, and this is achieved...
Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving01:18

Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving

To calculate the flow rate for a trapezoidal channel, first, identify the bottom width, side slope, and flow depth of the channel. The cross-sectional area (A) corresponding to the depth of flow (y), channel bottom width (B), and side slope (θ) is determined by:Next, calculate the wetted perimeter, which includes the bottom width and the sloped side lengths in contact with the water. Using the values of the cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter, determine the hydraulic radius by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Determining 3D Flow Fields via Multi-camera Light Field Imaging
14:25

Determining 3D Flow Fields via Multi-camera Light Field Imaging

Published on: March 6, 2013

Volumetric flow field measurement deflectometry via a geometry self-consistent framework.

Zekun Zhang, Xinwei Zhang, Ruiyang Wang

    Optics Letters
    |June 15, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a multi-view phase measurement deflectometry (PMD) method for accurate 3D temperature field reconstruction. This technique offers a new pathway for high-resolution volumetric flow diagnostics in aerospace and combustion.

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    Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

    Determining 3D Flow Fields via Multi-camera Light Field Imaging
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    Published on: March 6, 2013

    Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods
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    Published on: April 23, 2018

    An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
    11:03

    An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

    Published on: December 4, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Fluid dynamics and thermal sciences
    • Optical measurement techniques
    • Computational imaging

    Background:

    • Accurate three-dimensional (3D) flow-field measurement is crucial for analyzing complex phenomena in aerospace, combustion, and thermal processes.
    • Existing methods often face challenges in geometric self-consistency and require complex cross-correlation operations.
    • Volumetric temperature-field reconstruction demands robust and precise diagnostic tools.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel multi-view phase measurement deflectometry (PMD) method for volumetric temperature-field reconstruction.
    • To enable intrinsic geometric self-consistency in 3D reconstruction without cross-correlation.
    • To provide a new pathway for high-resolution volumetric flow diagnostics.

    Main Methods:

    • Phase measurement deflectometry (PMD) encodes absolute screen coordinates in fringe phases for pixel-wise ray direction determination.
    • A chain-based joint calibration strategy with anchor cameras addresses surround-view configurations lacking a global common field of view.
    • Tomographic inverse problems are solved using an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) with total-variation regularization and visual-hull constraints.

    Main Results:

    • Numerical simulations and experimental validation on a thermal plume demonstrate the method's efficacy.
    • Thermocouple comparisons show a mean absolute relative difference of 1.87% and a mean absolute difference of 26.3 K.
    • The method achieves high-resolution volumetric temperature-field reconstruction with geometric self-consistency.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed multi-view PMD method provides a reliable and accurate approach for volumetric temperature-field reconstruction.
    • This technique overcomes limitations of traditional methods by ensuring geometric self-consistency and avoiding cross-correlation.
    • It represents a significant advancement in high-resolution volumetric flow diagnostics for various scientific and engineering applications.