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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI01:21

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
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An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

Free-Breathing Dynamic, Regularized, Adaptive Cluster Optimization (DRACO) Cine Cardiac MRI in Atrial Fibrillation.

Zhengyang Ming1,2,3,4, Arutyun Pogosyan2, Xinyu Dong2

  • 1Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Dynamic regularized adaptive clustering optimization (DRACO) effectively generates high-quality cardiac MRI images during free breathing, even with atrial fibrillation (AF). This technique robustly handles both cardiac and respiratory motion without compromising image quality.

Keywords:
atrial fibrillationcardiac motionclustering algorithmfree breathinggolden‐step acquisitionrespiration motionself‐gating

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Medical Physics
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

  • Current free-breathing cine cardiac MRI methods struggle with arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation (AF).
  • Dynamic regularized adaptive clustering optimization (DRACO) was previously developed for high-quality, quantifiable breath-held cine imaging in AF patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt DRACO for free-breathing cardiac MRI.
  • To evaluate DRACO's capability in simultaneously managing cardiac and respiratory motion.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study involving 10 sinus rhythm and 20 AF patients.
  • Utilized a 3.0T scanner with a sorted golden-step sequence for breath-held and free-breathing cine MRI.
  • Assessed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), edge sharpness, and image quality using a Likert scale.

Main Results:

  • DRACO images showed no significant differences in SNR, CNR, or sharpness between breath-held and free-breathing conditions for both sinus rhythm and AF.
  • In AF patients, DRACO (breath-held and free-breathing) yielded significantly higher image quality scores compared to real-time cine.
  • Despite variations in ejection fraction (EF) measurements, DRACO demonstrated high correlation in average EF between breath-held and free-breathing scans, indicating robustness to motion.

Conclusions:

  • DRACO is robust to respiratory motion and irregular cardiac motion associated with AF.
  • The technique enables high-quality cine image generation irrespective of breath-holding capability or cardiac rhythm regularity.
  • DRACO offers a promising solution for improved cardiac MRI in challenging patient populations.