Standardized Laser Metal Deposition Protocol For Tribological Evaluation Of Ceramic Modified TI6Al4V Matrix...

This protocol outlines a laser metal deposition method for creating modified titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium (TI6Al4V) matrix composites reinforced with boron carbide and boron nitride to enhance hardness and wear resistance. The approach involves promoting in situ phase formation while retaining partially unmelted ceramic particles for effective reinforcement. The process integrates controlled laser-material interaction to enable chemical reactions and preserve ceramic phases within the titanium matrix. Composite fabrication is achieved using a directed energy deposition (DED) laser metal deposition (LMD) system with a coaxial powder feeding mechanism for uniform powder delivery and enhanced melt pool stability. This method allows for tailored microstructural evolution through reaction-driven reinforcement and particulate strengthening. In contrast to traditional surface engineering techniques, this method offers metallurgical bonding, compositional control during deposition, and microstructural manipulation through energy input adjustment. Composite layers were produced at 1400 W and 2000 W with constant scanning speed and powder feed rate. Microhardness (HV0.5) and ASTM G99 dry sliding wear tests were conducted at loads of 15 N and 25 N. Samples produced at 1400 W exhibited higher average hardness and lower wear volume than those produced at 2000 W. The protocol establishes a standard systematic approach for correlating laser energy density with reinforcement retention, microstructure development, and tribological performance.