Development of the Perceived Synchrony During Sex Questionnaire (PSSQ)

Interpersonal synchrony, the temporal coordination of behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and physiological responses between individuals, has been linked to individual and relational well-being. However, its relevance in sexual interactions has only recently gained attention. We developed a questionnaire assessing perceived synchrony during sex. A total of 1136 participants (M_age = 24.81 years, SD = 7.84; 65% women) completed the Perceived Synchrony during Sex Questionnaire (PSSQ). PSSQ scores were correlated with measures of inclusion of other in the self, differentiation of self, low sexual empathy, sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, sexual distress, sexual function, and perceived partner responsiveness. Results indicated a four-factor structure representing perceived interpersonal synchrony during sex, encompassing behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and physiological response dimensions. The final 20-item version of the PSSQ demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .89). PSSQ correlated with sexual and relationship satisfaction, sexual functioning, perceived partner responsiveness, and differentiation of self. Measurement invariance across men and women was established. This study provides the first tool to assess perceived synchrony during sexual experiences. Future research could refine the questionnaire and examine its associations with relational outcomes. The findings contribute to understanding interpersonal dynamics within sexual relationships and underscore the relevance of perceived synchrony for sexual well-being.