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Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells
07:09

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells

Published on: May 22, 2013

Adipose Tissue Memory and Why Patients Regain Weight after Weight Loss: Understanding the Immunologic Basis for

Nabeel Sami1, Manish A Parikh1,2, Nino Mihatov1,2

  • 1From the Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY.

Cardiology in Review
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Weight loss medications help reduce cardiometabolic risk but do not cure obesity. Immune memory in T cells drives weight regain and persistent risk, suggesting new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
CD70– CD27 signalingT-cell memoryadipose tissue memorycardiovascular riskobesityobesogenic memoryweight regain

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Isolation of Adipogenic and Fibro-Inflammatory Stromal Cell Subpopulations from Murine Intra-Abdominal Adipose Depots
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Isolation of Adipogenic and Fibro-Inflammatory Stromal Cell Subpopulations from Murine Intra-Abdominal Adipose Depots

Published on: August 16, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells
07:09

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells

Published on: May 22, 2013

Isolation of Adipogenic and Fibro-Inflammatory Stromal Cell Subpopulations from Murine Intra-Abdominal Adipose Depots
06:50

Isolation of Adipogenic and Fibro-Inflammatory Stromal Cell Subpopulations from Murine Intra-Abdominal Adipose Depots

Published on: August 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Disease
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Weight loss is key for cardiometabolic risk reduction, with new drugs like GLP-1 RAs causing significant weight loss.
  • However, weight loss alone doesn't fully reverse obesity's biological effects, and weight regain is common after medication cessation.
  • Obesity involves inflamed adipose tissue, impacting immune pathways and leading to lasting immune system changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of immune memory in adipose tissue following weight loss.
  • To explore the mechanisms driving weight regain and persistent cardiometabolic risk.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for long-term obesity remission.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T cell reprogramming and memory formation in adipose tissue.
  • Investigation of immune pathways involved in metabolic homeostasis and inflammation.
  • Exploration of the CD70-CD27 axis in maintaining T cell memory.

Main Results:

  • Adipose tissue T cells develop memory characteristics through epigenetic and transcriptional changes, persisting after weight loss.
  • These memory T cells can be rapidly reactivated by metabolic stress, driving weight regain and metabolic dysfunction.
  • Repetitive weight loss/regain cycles amplify inflammation and immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Weight loss medications transiently alter obesity phenotype but do not achieve remission due to persistent immune memory.
  • Immune memory, particularly via the CD70-CD27 axis, contributes to repeated weight gain and ongoing cardiovascular risk.
  • Targeting immune memory pathways may offer a novel strategy for achieving long-term cardiometabolic remission when combined with weight loss.