HyperSeg-DG: multi-scale hyper feature context for domain-generalized medical image segmentation

Developing segmentation models that remain reliable across diverse medical imaging domains and accurately delineate complex anatomical boundaries remains a persistent challenge for clinical deployment. Variations in imaging modalities, scanners, and acquisition settings introduce significant domain shifts, while fuzzy or overlapping tissue boundaries further complicate precise segmentation. Despite extensive research, most approaches address these challenges separately, leading to limited generalization and reduced robustness in real-world clinical scenarios.

To overcome these limitations, we propose HyperSeg-DG, a novel medical image segmentation approach that integrates the WMamba backbone with the Multi-Scale Hyper Feature Context Block (HFCB). The HFCB addresses foreground-background uncertainty and boundary ambiguities by capturing multi-scale feature relations and long-range contextual dependencies. This enables the model to focus on relevant pathological features while helping reduce the influence of irrelevant co-occurring ones, such as similarly sized polyps, especially in low-contrast or poorly lit environments. WMamba further improves domain generalization by processing images in localized windows and using its selective 2D scanning mechanism to learn robust, transferable features that reduce feature misalignment under domain shift. Extensive experiments across multiple medical segmentation benchmarks demonstrate that HyperSeg-DG achieves consistent 2%-3% improvements over strong baselines, confirming its effectiveness in enhancing segmentation performance and generalization across diverse, unseen domains.

The code and datasets of HyperSeg-DG are available at https://github.com/Pollob001/HyperSeg-DG.