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Related Concept Videos

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies
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Isolation precautions: special considerations for immunocompromised hosts.

Yoojin Kim1, Lynne Strasfeld1,2

  • 1Department of Infection Prevention and Control.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infection control for immunocompromised patients requires adapting standard and transmission-based precautions. Individualized, risk-adapted strategies are key to optimizing outcomes while balancing resource use and patient-centered care.

Keywords:
hematopoietic cell therapy recipientimmunocompromised hostinfection prevention and controlisolation precautionsprotective environment

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Healthcare Epidemiology

Background:

  • Immunocompromised hosts, including those with hematologic malignancies, cellular therapies, and transplant recipients, are at high risk for severe infections.
  • Current infection prevention and control (IPC) practices for these populations often lack robust evidence, leading to significant variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize current IPC strategies for immunocompromised patients.
  • To highlight the evidence base and practice variability in isolation precautions and control measures.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of current approaches to isolation precautions.
  • Analysis of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices in immunocompromised hosts.
  • Evaluation of evidence and practice variability.

Main Results:

  • Standard and transmission-based precautions need adaptation for immunocompromised populations due to increased infection severity and transmissibility.
  • Protective environments (e.g., HEPA filtration) may benefit high-risk groups but are resource-intensive and inconsistently applied.
  • Emerging strategies include universal masking and tailored precautions; the role of multidrug-resistant organism screening is evolving, and practices like the neutropenic diet are being re-evaluated.

Conclusions:

  • IPC in immunocompromised patients is complex, with limited high-quality evidence driving practice variability.
  • A shift towards individualized, risk-adapted strategies is necessary.
  • Optimizing outcomes requires balancing risk mitigation, resource utilization, and patient-centered care.