Perceptions of HPV vaccination among children aged 9-13 and parents: A qualitative study from Ankara, Türkiye

Despite the proven effectiveness of the HPV vaccines, there is limited qualitative research in Türkiye addressing how children aged 9-13 and parents perceive the vaccine and make vaccination decisions within cultural and structural contexts. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the individual, cultural, and structural factors that influence HPV vaccine acceptance, as well as the role of family physicians.

This qualitative individual interview study was conducted between February 1-March 1, 2025, with 15 children and 15 parents who visited the General Paediatrics Outpatient Clinics at Ankara University.

Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's six-phase thematic analysis, with inductive coding supported by MAXQDA software. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants.

Five main themes were identified from parent interviews, including general perceptions of HPV Vaccine, costs and access inequities, post-COVID vaccine hesitancy, gendered perceptions on HPV Vaccine, and role and trust in Family Medicine. Children's interviews revealed four themes, including perceptions of infection and prevention, knowledge and perceptions of HPV and HPV Vaccine, views on the cost of the HPV Vaccine, and preferences for Family Physician and School-Based Vaccination.

HPV vaccine decisions are shaped not only by knowledge gaps but also by broader cultural and social dynamics. Family physicians play a key role as educators and guides. Gender-neutral vaccine strategies, media literacy, and policies that reduce financial inequality are recommended. Including the HPV vaccine in the national immunisation programme could improve uptake and public trust.