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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a stethoscope.
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
09:03

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye

Published on: June 20, 2015

Intraocular Pressure Measurement Variability in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

Aakriti Garg Shukla1, Ari Leshno2, Carlos Gustavo De Moraes1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.

Ophthalmology. Glaucoma
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) shows modest intraocular pressure (IOP) variability. Factors like higher IOP and visual field loss predict the need for repeat measurements, impacting glaucoma risk assessment.

Keywords:
Goldmann applanation tonometryIntraocular pressureMeasurement variabilityOcular hypertension

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
09:03

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye

Published on: June 20, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Clinical Trials
  • Glaucoma Research

Background:

  • Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is the standard for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP).
  • Understanding intra-visit IOP variability is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of glaucoma.
  • The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) provides a robust dataset for analyzing GAT measurement consistency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify intra-visit variability in Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) measurements.
  • To identify factors influencing intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement variability within a single visit.
  • To leverage longitudinal data from the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) for this analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A post hoc analysis was conducted on data from the multicenter, randomized Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS).
  • Intra-visit IOP measurements (IOP1, IOP2, and IOP3 if needed) were analyzed over 15 years.
  • Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models identified predictors of requiring a third IOP measurement.

Main Results:

  • Over 145,000 IOP measurements from 1,636 participants were analyzed.
  • 96.2% of paired measurements were within 2 mm Hg; 3.8% required a third measurement.
  • Higher baseline IOP, higher current IOP, and baseline pattern standard deviation predicted the need for a third IOP measurement.

Conclusions:

  • Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) exhibits modest measurement variability.
  • IOP variability is linked to risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma.
  • Findings inform clinical decisions, trial design, and risk calculator application, emphasizing repeat measurements for inconsistent IOP readings.