Understanding internal and external influences on seat belt use in the oil and gas extraction industry

Motor-vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of work-related death among U.S. Oil and Gas Extraction (OGE) industry workers. It is possible that seat belt use could have contributed to reducing MVC-related deaths. Although research has identified instances of non-seat belt use in this industry, reasons behind this behavior are not well understood.

A convenience sample of OGE employees participated in interviews (n = 18 workers) and three focus groups (n = 9 supervisors). Instruments incorporated theoretical constructs from the Health Belief Model (HBM) to obtain perceptions and experiences that might impact work-related seat belt use. Worker and supervisor data were qualitatively analyzed and then triangulated to cross-validate findings and ensure data saturation. Themes were deductively aligned with HBM constructs.

Most participants reported always using their seat belts or observing employee seat belt use. Some participants acknowledged circumstances when they or others might not wear a seat belt. Four primary themes emerged: Situational risk and readiness, Company behavioral norms, Belief-based barriers, and Personal safety standards. Within each theme, several codes provided additional insights that aligned with HBM constructs including perceived susceptibility to experiencing an MVC and severity of the outcome; perceived barriers and benefits to using a seatbelt; and cues to action that prompted seat belt use over time. Conclusions/Practical applications: Our data suggest that worker knowledge of company programs and associated consequences of non-compliance, including supervisory enforcement, support seat belt use. State laws and technology found in company vehicles such as in-vehicle monitoring systems and phone apps also influence seat belt use. Future research may explore how to integrate these aspects into a driving safety program that serves as a comprehensive cue to action hence, enhancing perceived benefits of seat belt use, correcting misconceptions about barriers, and incorporating strategic messaging, training, and education during onboarding and at times of heighted perceived susceptibility and severity.