Risk of COVID-19 infections at the workplace: Lessons learned from OSHA investigations

Area of Science:

• Occupational Health
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted global health and economies.
• Identifying high-risk occupations and assessing workplace risks are crucial for worker protection and business continuity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate workplace COVID-19 risks using U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-confirmed cases.
• To identify industries and demographics with elevated COVID-19 infection and mortality rates.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of 3,799 OSHA-investigated workplace COVID-19 infection reports (2020-2024).
• Identification and analysis of 4,615 infected employees from these reports.
• Examination of fatality and hospitalization rates, industry-specific risks, and demographic disparities.

Main Results:

• Industries like health care, public administration, and manufacturing showed higher COVID-19 exposure risks.
• The Health Care and Social Assistance sector (NAICS #62) comprised 49% of OSHA investigations.
• The civilian labor force experienced a 24% higher COVID-19 death risk compared to the general population, with males facing a 15% greater risk than females.

Conclusions:

• Workers, particularly in specific sectors and demographics, face elevated mortality risks from COVID-19.
• The findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced occupational control measures to protect the workforce.
• Implementing targeted safety protocols is essential for business sustainability and worker well-being.