Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fates of Pyruvate01:20

Fates of Pyruvate

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Novel HPLC-laser-stimulated fluorescence profiling of seminal plasma amino acids linked to ejaculate quality.

Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics·2026
Same author

Impact of repeated ovulation induction and superovulation on ovarian reserve and early embryo development in obese and PCOS-like mouse models.

Reproduction, fertility, and development·2026
Same author

Therapeutic applications of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in male reproductive health: narrative review.

Sexual medicine reviews·2026
Same author

Functional Changes in the Fallopian Tube: Environmental Factors, Lifestyle, Pathological Conditions and Pharmacological Agents.

Cells·2026
Same author

Maternal exposure to cyclophosphamide during prepubertal life does not affect the cryosusceptibility of in vitro derived mouse embryos.

Reproduction & fertility·2026
Same author

No Evidence of Temporal Decline in Semen Parameters Over 17 Years Among Men Who Underwent Fertility Evaluation from Indian Southern States.

American journal of men's health·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm
08:08

Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm

Published on: November 19, 2020

Haploid Parthenotes Have Higher Demand for Glucose and Pyruvate Compared to Normally Fertilized Embryos During their

Ramya Nair1,2, Vanishree Vasave Madhvacharya1, Satish Kumar Adiga3

  • 1Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.

Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Haploid parthenogenetic embryos (HPEs) show improved development with higher glucose and pyruvate. HPEs depend more on glucose than normally fertilized embryos (NFEs), indicating altered metabolic needs and paternal factor influence.

Keywords:
Antioxidant enzymesEmbryo metabolismGlycolysisOocyte activationOxidative stress

More Related Videos

Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
06:11

Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Published on: May 17, 2024

Loss- and Gain-of-function Approach to Investigate Early Cell Fate Determinants in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos
08:43

Loss- and Gain-of-function Approach to Investigate Early Cell Fate Determinants in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

Published on: June 6, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm
08:08

Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm

Published on: November 19, 2020

Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
06:11

Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Published on: May 17, 2024

Loss- and Gain-of-function Approach to Investigate Early Cell Fate Determinants in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos
08:43

Loss- and Gain-of-function Approach to Investigate Early Cell Fate Determinants in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

Published on: June 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Embryology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Haploid parthenogenetic embryos (HPEs) often have poor in vitro development, potentially due to missing paternal factors.
  • Embryo metabolic patterns are crucial for developmental potential, but HPE metabolic needs are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if HPEs have distinct metabolic requirements compared to normally fertilized embryos (NFEs).
  • To explore the role of metabolic substrates and gene expression in HPE development.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing HPEs and NFEs in M16 medium with varied glucose and pyruvate concentrations.
  • Assessing developmental rates, blastocyst formation, and mRNA expression of key metabolic and antioxidant enzymes.
  • Analyzing spent media for glucose utilization.

Main Results:

  • Elevated glucose (5 g/L) and pyruvate (54 mg/L) enhanced HPE blastocyst rates.
  • HPEs showed higher glucose dependency than NFEs, with glycolysis inhibition arresting their development.
  • Upregulation of G6pd, Pdha1, Sod1, Cat and downregulation of Gsr, Gstcd observed in HPEs.

Conclusions:

  • HPEs possess altered metabolic requirements compared to NFEs, with a notable glucose dependency.
  • Paternal factors likely regulate metabolic pathways essential for early embryonic development.
  • Findings provide a basis for optimizing in vitro culture conditions for parthenogenetic embryos.