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Related Concept Videos

Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting
11:58

Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting

Published on: March 8, 2018

Lysosome-Targeting Chimeras (LYTACs): From Modular Design Principles to Diverse Therapeutic Applications.

Zhihui Zhou1, Qi Niu2, Xiyuan Yu1

  • 1The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs) enable targeted protein degradation for extracellular and membrane proteins. This review details LYTAC design, evolution, and strategies for clinical translation.

Keywords:
endocytosis mechanismlysosome‐targeting chimerasmolecular architecturetargeted protein degradationtherapeutic application

More Related Videos

Characterization of Neuronal Lysosome Interactome with Proximity Labeling Proteomics
11:40

Characterization of Neuronal Lysosome Interactome with Proximity Labeling Proteomics

Published on: June 23, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting
11:58

Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting

Published on: March 8, 2018

Characterization of Neuronal Lysosome Interactome with Proximity Labeling Proteomics
11:40

Characterization of Neuronal Lysosome Interactome with Proximity Labeling Proteomics

Published on: June 23, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is a promising therapeutic strategy, primarily targeting intracellular proteins.
  • Existing TPD methods face limitations in addressing extracellular and membrane-associated proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of Lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs) technology.
  • To explore the molecular architecture, mechanism of action, and design evolution of LYTACs.
  • To discuss strategies for enhancing LYTAC efficacy and clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic examination of LYTAC design based on protein-of-interest (POI) binders.
  • Analysis of diverse POI binders: antibodies, aptamers, small molecules, peptides, and DNA scaffolds.
  • Review of lysosomal targeting receptors (LTRs), including classical and emerging routes.

Main Results:

  • LYTACs effectively target extracellular and membrane proteins via the endosomal-lysosomal pathway.
  • Significant evolution in LYTAC design, diversifying POI binders and LTRs.
  • Identified strategies to improve degradation efficiency and PK/PD profiles.

Conclusions:

  • LYTACs represent a significant advancement in TPD, expanding therapeutic targets.
  • Rational design of LYTACs requires careful consideration of binder selection and LTR engagement.
  • Further development is crucial for overcoming challenges in clinical translation of LYTAC therapeutics.