Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation02:38

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An N-heterocyclic <i>N</i>-isocyanoguanidine: an uncommonly strong σ donating isocyanide ligand.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Accessible introductory exercises to crystallography databases and basic practices for undergraduate students.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2026
Same author

Organophosphinidene in a T-Shaped Environment.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Metal-Free Catalytic Cross-Coupling of Esters and Boranes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Going to Extreme Lengths: Bicyclic Diborane(6) Anions and the Limits of Boron-Boron σ Bonding.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Alkylamido lutetium complexes as prospective lutetium imido precursors: synthesis, characterization and ligand design.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Azidophosphonamido Rhodium(I) and Iridium(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Properties, and Linkage Isomerism.

Emily L Trew1, Daisy E Cruz-Milette1, Douglas Turnbull1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New rhodium and iridium azidophosphonamido complexes exhibit unique stability and reactivity. Irradiation triggers isomerization or nitrogen extrusion, revealing novel coordination modes and conformations for phosphazide ligands.

Keywords:
azidophosphonamidoiridiumlinkage isomerizationrhodium

More Related Videos

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
10:42

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Published on: January 3, 2018

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods
07:20

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods

Published on: October 6, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
10:42

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Published on: January 3, 2018

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods
07:20

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Rhodium and Iridium Complexes

Background:

  • Azidophosphonamidates are versatile ligands in coordination chemistry.
  • Understanding their coordination modes and reactivity is crucial for catalyst development.
  • Group 9 transition metals (Rh, Ir) are key in catalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel azidophosphonamido rhodium(I) and iridium(I) complexes.
  • To investigate the stability and reactivity of these complexes under various conditions.
  • To explore the conformational behavior of azidophosphonamido ligands in coordination spheres.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of azidophosphonamido rhodium(I) and iridium(I) complexes.
  • Spectroscopic characterization using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy.
  • Structural elucidation via single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

Main Results:

  • Azidophosphonamido ligands coordinate in κ²-N,Nα fashion with transoid conformation in COD complexes.
  • Irradiation induces linkage isomerization to κ²-N,Nβ isomers without N2 loss.
  • A stable cisoid conformation of a phosphazide ligand was observed in a rhodium(I) bis(cyclooctene) complex, leading to N2 extrusion upon irradiation.

Conclusions:

  • The coordination mode and conformation of azidophosphonamido ligands are influenced by the metal center and co-ligands.
  • Photochemical reactions offer pathways for ligand modification and nitrogen extrusion.
  • Discovery of the first stable cisoid phosphazide in group 9 metal complexes expands understanding of ligand behavior.