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Optically Programmable GST Metasurface for Coded Terahertz Wavefront Control.

Guanxuan Guo1, Yisheng Dong1, Yao Li1

  • 1Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an optically programmable metasurface using phase-change materials for advanced terahertz (THz) applications. This nonvolatile method enables high-resolution wavefront control for spectroscopy, imaging, and wireless communications.

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Programmable wavefront control is crucial for terahertz (THz) technologies like spectroscopy, imaging, and wireless communications.
  • Electrically programmable metasurfaces have advanced THz device development but face challenges in achieving 2D, nonvolatile, broadband, and high-resolution control.
  • Current methods often require complex integrated electrodes, limiting device integration and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an optically programmable metasurface method for overcoming limitations in THz wavefront control.
  • To leverage the reversible phase change of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) for nonvolatile and reconfigurable meta-atom symmetry.
  • To demonstrate robust, broadband phase-switching capabilities with subwavelength resolution.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
GSTcoded wavefront controloptically programmable metasurfaceterahertz

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  • Utilized selective optical excitation to induce reversible phase changes in constituent GST patches.
  • Implemented spatially patterned optical pumping with predesigned masks for addressing meta-atoms.
  • Fabricated and characterized the metasurface for 0/π phase-switching and 2D functionalities.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a nonvolatile, reconfigurable metasurface with broadband 0/π phase-switching at the meta-atom level.
  • Achieved subwavelength resolution wavefront control without complex integrated electrodes.
  • Experimentally verified controllable beam steering and tunable beam focusing using 2D coded functionalities.

Conclusions:

  • The optically programmable metasurface offers a new paradigm for THz wavefront engineering.
  • This method provides a promising pathway for active and flexible THz systems requiring long-term, stable functionalities.
  • The approach overcomes key challenges in achieving high-performance, nonvolatile THz metasurfaces.