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Related Concept Videos

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch
08:51

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch

Published on: August 24, 2019

Dissecting the immune-metabolic axis in appendicitis: A Mendelian randomization mediation study.

Haixia Zheng1, Kui Wang2, Dong Wang3

  • 1Postgraduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Medicine
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study explored immune cell traits and plasma metabolites in appendicitis using Mendelian randomization. Findings suggest an immune-metabolic axis role, but require further validation.

Keywords:
13-HODE + 9-HODEMendelian randomizationappendicitisimmune cell traitsmediation analysisplasma metabolites

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch
08:51

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch

Published on: August 24, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolomics
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Appendicitis development is linked to immune and metabolic dysregulation.
  • Causal pathways connecting immune and metabolic factors to appendicitis remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal effect of immune cell traits on appendicitis risk.
  • To assess the mediating role of plasma metabolites in this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association study summary statistics from European cohorts.
  • Included 731 immune cell traits, 1400 plasma metabolites, and appendicitis data.
  • Employed inverse variance weighted method, mediation analysis, and reverse MR.

Main Results:

  • Initially, three immune cell traits and 12 plasma metabolites showed significant associations with appendicitis risk.
  • CD86+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells showed a protective effect; CD28+ T cells and CD27 on IgD+ memory B cells were linked to increased risk.
  • 13-HODE + 9-HODE levels partially mediated the effect of CD28+ T cells on appendicitis (17.7% mediation).
  • Sensitivity analyses found no evidence of heterogeneity, pleiotropy, or reverse causation.
  • However, after FDR adjustment, no associations remained significant, indicating exploratory findings.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides exploratory evidence for an immune-metabolic axis in appendicitis pathogenesis.
  • Identified potential causal pathways and mediators warranting further investigation.
  • Results are hypothesis-generating and require validation in independent datasets before clinical application.