Self-Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Concept Analysis

PurposeTo clarify and define self-management (SM) within cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome through concept analysis, with implications for holistic nursing.DesignConcept analysis using Walker and Avant's eight-step method.MethodsSix databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles (2005-2025). Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings were interpreted through the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory and Neuman's Systems Model. Qualitative literature enriched interpretation of the holistic dimensions of each attribute.FindingsFour defining attributes emerged: self-monitoring, personalized and precision care, collaborative care, and sustained engagement; each carrying behavioral and experiential significance. Five antecedents and six consequences were identified across biological, psychosocial, structural, and spiritual dimensions. Self-Management in CKM is distinct from self-care as traditionally conceptualized, due to pathophysiological interdependence, system-level coordination, and experiential complexity.ConclusionsThis analysis provides a holistic, theory-informed definition of Self-Management in CKM and a foundation for middle-range theory development. The framework supports nurse-led interventions addressing the whole person across interacting chronic conditions.