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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that include the...
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that include the...
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The semiconductor's...
Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence the...

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Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
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Ligand-Mediated Defects Unlock Fast and Regenerable CO2 Capture in NICS-24 Metal-Organic Framework.

Klara Klemenčič1,2, Petar Djinović1,2, Miha Okorn1,2

  • 1National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Ligand-mediated defect engineering transforms NICS-24 into a superior indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) sorbent. This modification enhances CO2 uptake, kinetics, and regeneration efficiency for improved air quality.

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Electric Cell-Substrate Sensing for Real-Time Evaluation of Metal-Organic Framework Toxicological Profiles

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Indoor air quality is a growing concern, with carbon dioxide (CO2) levels impacting health and cognitive function.
  • Current ventilation strategies for CO2 reduction are energy-intensive.
  • Developing efficient indoor CO2 capture materials is crucial for sustainable air quality management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer the NICS-24 framework for enhanced indoor CO2 capture performance.
  • To investigate the impact of ligand-mediated defect engineering (LMDE) on CO2 adsorption properties.
  • To evaluate the regenerability and stability of the modified NICS-24 material.

Main Methods:

  • Postsynthetic modification of NICS-24 using CF3- and SCH3-functionalized azolate linkers (FMeTz and SMeTz).
  • Characterization using Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrometry, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and multinuclear Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SSNMR).
  • CO2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, kinetic studies, and cycling experiments at controlled temperatures and pressures.

Main Results:

  • LMDE induced vacancy-type defects in NICS-24, enhancing CO2 uptake by over twofold (0.36 to 0.77 mmol/g at 1000 ppm).
  • Modified materials exhibited rapid CO2 adsorption kinetics and improved thermal-swing regeneration.
  • SMeTz-treated NICS-24 demonstrated high working capacity after regeneration at 70 °C and stable cycling performance.

Conclusions:

  • Vacancy-type defects generated via LMDE are directly linked to enhanced low-pressure CO2 uptake and transport.
  • LMDE-modified NICS-24 presents a promising, regenerable platform for indoor CO2 capture, particularly under dry conditions.
  • The framework's hydrolytic robustness suggests potential for real-world applications despite competitive water adsorption.