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Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination

Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination

Published on: August 18, 2020

Sb-Enabled Dimensional Reprogramming of Palladium Nanoclusters for Enhanced Catalysis.

Qihang Wang^1,2,3, Qing You^1,2,3, Guowei Guan^1,2,3

¹Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|June 16, 2026

Summary

Antimony (Sb) incorporation engineers 3D palladium-antimony (Pd-Sb) nanoclusters, overcoming limitations of planar palladium sulfide structures. This novel catalyst shows superior performance in semihydrogenation reactions.

Keywords:

3D PdSb nanoclusters Pd13Sb2(PPh3)2(S‐Adm)10 aromatic character modulate planar Pd structures the semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene

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Published on: June 24, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Catalysis

Background:

Palladium sulfide (PdS4) motifs form planar structures due to strong Pd-S interactions, limiting atomic growth.
Three-dimensional (3D) palladium frameworks are typically suppressed in these systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of antimony (Sb) in modifying palladium nanocluster structure.
To develop a novel 3D palladium-antimony (Pd-Sb) nanocluster catalyst.
To explore its application in semihydrogenation reactions.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of [Pd13Sb2(PPh3)2(S-Adm)10] (Pd13Sb2) nanocluster.
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) for structural analysis.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for mechanistic insights.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized a novel 3D Pd-Sb nanocluster with atomic precision.
SCXRD revealed a unique 3D metal kernel, distinct from previously reported thiolated Pd nanoclusters.
The Pd13Sb2 catalyst demonstrated excellent performance in phenylacetylene semihydrogenation.
DFT calculations confirmed synergistic Pd-Sb dual-site catalysis facilitating H2 activation and optimizing intermediate binding.

Conclusions:

Antimony acts as a dimensional regulator, enabling the formation of stable 3D Pd-Sb nanoclusters.
The 3D structure and synergistic Pd-Sb sites overcome intrinsic limitations of planar Pd nanoclusters.
This approach unlocks enhanced catalytic potential for palladium nanoclusters in reactions like semihydrogenation.