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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus negligible.
The energy...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Magnetic fields from microscopic sources: a new quantum-based discrete interaction approach.

Sherif Abdulkader Tawfik1, Salvy P Russo2

  • 1Applied Artificial Intelligence Initiative, Deakin University, Victoria 3216, Australia. s.abbas@deakin.edu.au.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Classical magnetostatics fail at nanometer scales. A new microscopic current-magnetisation (CMH) framework accurately predicts magnetic fields in conductors, enabling novel nanomagnetic device design.

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Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
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Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

Published on: February 1, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
06:53

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

Published on: February 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Classical magnetostatics, including the Biot-Savart law, fail to accurately describe magnetic fields at nanometer scales.
  • Experimental observations show suppressed and spatially reshaped magnetic fields in metallic nanowires, deviating from continuum predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a microscopic current-magnetisation (CMH) framework to reconstruct magnetic induction from electron-ion correlations.
  • Provide a predictive model for current-induced magnetism at the atomic scale where classical methods are insufficient.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a CMH framework reconstructing magnetic induction from atomically resolved electron-ion correlations.
  • Utilized a vector-potential formulation for an exactly divergence-free magnetic field.
  • Derived the Biot-Savart kernel as a long-distance, coarse-grained limit.

Main Results:

  • CMH predicts intrinsic magnetic field suppression and spatial smoothing when device dimensions approach the screening length.
  • The framework accurately predicts molecular orbital ring-current fields, differing from continuum loop models at near-field.
  • Demonstrated that CMH preserves correct long-range magnetic field behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The CMH framework offers a new, predictive approach to understanding current-induced magnetism at the atomic scale.
  • This microscopic model overcomes limitations of classical approaches in nanomagnetic systems.
  • Opens pathways for designing next-generation nanomagnetic devices with enhanced performance through precise magnetic response engineering.